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Shaping Policy in the Information Age
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  Universal Service  |  Electronic Commerce  |  Intellectual Property in Cyberspace  |  Learning Online  


Organizations

The American Prospect- Series on Educational Reform and the New Media
http://epn.org/prospect/spencer.html

Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow
http://www.research.apple.com/go/acot/

Big Sky Telegraph's K-12 Resources
http://macsky.bigsky.dillon.mt.us/K12.html

Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
http://www.cpsr.org
And
CPSR Education Links
http://www.cpsr.org/dox/program/education/educ.html

Computers and Composition
An International Journal for Teachers of Writing

http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~ccjrnl/

Consortium for School Networking
http://www.cosn.org

The Education Index
http://www.educationindex.com

Education Week on the Web
http://www.edweek.org

Educational Software Institute
http://www.edsoft.com

ERIC Clearing House on Information & Technology
http://ericir.syr.edu/ithome/

Girltech
http://www.girltech.com

IBM Reinventing Education
http://www.ibm.com/IBM/IBMGives/k12ed/k-12init.htm

The Institute for Technology and Learning
http://www.ital.utexas.edu/

Instructional Technology Research Online (InTRO)
http://www.gsu.edu/~wwwitr/

The Internet Public Library K-12 Reference
http://ipl.si.umich.edu/ref/RR/static/edu4000.html

Learning in the Real World
http://www.realworld.org

Literacy Online
http://www.literacyonline.org/

Lloyd Internetworking K-12 Resources
http://www.lloyd.com/k12index.html

Lycos Community Guide: Education, K-12 Schools
http://www.lycos.com/wguide/network/net_382769.html

MOOSE Crossing (Online writing environment)
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~asb/moose-crossing/

National Education Association
http://www.nea.org

New Chalk
Featuring Instructors' Use of Networked Technologies

http://www.unc.edu/courses/newchalk/

New Horizons' List of K-12 Schools with WWW Servers
http://www.nhgs.tec.va.us/k12resources/k12www.html

Online Educator
http://www.ole.net/ole

Physical Education Central
http://pe.central.vt.edu/otherwebsites.html

Public Broadcasting System.
"PBS Cyberschool."

http://www.ibm.pbscyberschool.org/

Research in the Teaching of English
http://members.aol.com/RTEngl/rtehome.htm

School.Net-- Educational Online Sources
http://k12.school.net/

Siskiyou County K-12 Resource Page
http://www.snowcrest.net/freemanl/index.html

Spycatcher Corporation.
"Surfin' Annette!" (Children's Web Browser).

http://www.spycatcher.com

Yahoo!'s K-12 Education Resources
http://www.yahoo.com/text/Education/K_12/index.html

White House for Kids
http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/kids/html/kidshome.html


Documents

Bush, Vannevar.
"As We May Think."

Consortium for School Networking.
"Creating Learning Communities: Practical, Universal Networking for Learning in Schools and Homes"
http://www.cosn.org/frames/communications/macarthur/index.html

President's Committee of Advisors
on Science and Technology

March 1997
http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/NSTC/PCAST/k-12ed.html

United States Department of Education
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
Online Document Page

gopher://gopher.ed.gov:10001/11/initiatives


Legislation

United States Department of Education
Goals 2000 Initiative
gopher://gopher.ed.gov:10001/11/initiatives/goals


Law Cases


Chronology


Glossary

Goals 2000
The Educate America Act-- signed into law on March 31, 1994, in which "the federal government pledged to form a new and supportive partnership with states and communities in an effort to improve student academic achievement across the nation."

Hypertext
A composition that links pieces of information (often referred to as 'nodes') together into complex, interactive webs.

MOO
A Multiple User Dimension (MUD) Object Oriented-- A MUD that is programed through the creation of objects (See MUD). Varietions on MOO include Multiple User Shared Halucination (MUSH); often multiple-user environments are shortened as MU* ("M-U Splat") to include their different names.

MUD
A Multiple User Dimenstion (or Dungeon)-- A (usually text-based) virtual environment in which many users can interact with many others (as opposed to one-to-one). Though first created for gaming, MUDs have been demonstrated to have vast potential as learning environments where users must use language to interact with others.


References

Anderson, Daniel.
"The Bus Stops Beyond Language: The Objectification of Language in Cyberspace."
(4 Aug. 1995).

___.
"From Browsers to Builders: Student Composition on the World Wide Web."
(August 4, 1995).

___.
"Not Maimed but Malted: Nodes, Text and Graphics in Freshmen Compositions."
CWRL, The Electronic Journal for Computer Writing, Rhetoric and Literature. (4 Aug. 1995).

___, Bret Benjamin, Christopher Busiel and Bill Paredes-Holt.
Teaching Online: Internet Research, Conversation and Composition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Barrett, Edward, ed.
The Society of Text: Hypertext, Hypermedia, and the Social Construction of Information. Cambridge and London: the MIT Press, 1989.

___.
Sociomedia: Multimedia, Hypermedia, and the Social Construction of Knowledge. Cambridge and London: the MIT Press; 1992

Bartholomae, David.
"Inventing the University." In Harper Collins Resources for Writing Instructors. New York: Harper Collins, 1993. 159-185.

Bennahum, David.
"Fly Me to the MOO: Adventures in Textual Reality." In Lingua Franca. May/June, 1994: 1, 22-36.

Berk, Emily, and Joe Devlin, eds.
Hypertext/Hypermedia Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.

Bruce, Bertram, Joy Kreeft Peyton, and Trent Batson, eds.
Networked-Based Classrooms: Promises and Realities Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993.

Bizzell, Patricia.
"Writing Within and Against the Academy: What do we Really Want Our Students to Do?: A Symposium." In Journal of Education 172.1 (1990): 19.

Bolter, Jay David.
"Literature in the Electronic Writing Space." In Literacy Online. Ed. Myron C. Tuman. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992. 19-42.

___.
Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

Bruckman, Amy.
"Gender Swapping on the Internet" (4 Aug. 1995).

___.
"Programming for Fun: MUDs as a Context for Collaborative Learning." (4 Aug. 1995)

Bruffee, K., Kathleen Blair, Marylyn Cooper and Cynthia L. Selfe.
"Two Comments on 'Computer Conferences and Learning: Authority, Resistance , and Internally Persuasive Discourse.'" In College English 53 (1991): 55-95.

Bump, Jerome.
"Radical Changes in Class Discussion Using Networked Computers." In Computers and the Humanities 24 (1990) : 49-64.

Charney, Davida.
"The Effects of Hypertext on Processes of Reading and Writing." In Literacy and Computers. Cynthia Selfe and Susan Hilligoss, eds. New York: Modern Language Association, 1994. 238-263.

Chernaik, Warren, Caroline Davis, and Marilyn Deegan, eds.
The Politics of the Electronic Text. Oxford: Office for Humanities Communication, 1993.

Cooper, Marylyn M. and Cynthia L. Selfe.
"Computer Conferences and Learning: Authority, Resistance, and Internally Persuasive Discourse." In College English 52 (1990): 847-869.

Cuban, Larry.
Teachers and Machines: The Classroom Use of Technology Since 1920. New York: Teachers College Press; 1986

___.
How Teachers Taught: Constancy and Change in American Classroom 1880- 1990. New York: Teachers College Press; 1993

___.
"Techno-Reformers and Classroom Teachers." In Education Week October 9, 1996; (November 20, 1997)

___.
"High-Tech Schools and Low-Tech Teaching." In Education Week May 21, 1997; (November 15, 1997).

Daisley, Margaret.
"The Game of Literacy: The Meaning of Play in Computer-Mediated Communication." In Computers and Composition 11 (1994) 107-119.

Dee-Lucas, Diana.
"Effects of Overview Structure on Study Strategies and Text Representations for Instructional Hypertext." In Hypertext and Cognition. Jean- Francois Rouet, Jarmo J. Levonen, Andrew Dillon, and Rand J. Spiro, eds. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Asociates, 1996.

Delany, Paul.
"From the Scholar's Library to the Personal Docuverse." In The Digital Word: Text-Based Computing in the Humanities. Paul Delany and George P. Landow, eds. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1993.

___, and George P. Landow
"Managing the Digital Word: The Text in an Age of Electronic Reproduction." In The Digital Word: Text-Based Computing in the Humanities. Paul Delany and George P. Landow, eds. London and Cambridge: the MIT Press, 1993.

Dillon, Andrew.
"Myths, Misconceptions, and an Alternative Perspective on Information Usage and the Electronic Medium." In Hypertext and Cognition. Jean-Francois Rouet, Jarmo J. Levonen, Andrew Dillon, and Rand J. Spiro, eds. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Asociates, 1996.

Faigley, Lester.
Fragments of Rationality. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992.

___.
"Subverting the Electronic Workbook: Teaching Writing Using Networked Computers." In Writing Teacher as Researcher: Essays in the Theory and Practice of Class-Based Research. Donald A. Daker and Max Morenberg, eds. Portsmouth NH: Boynton/Cook, 1990: 290-311.

Glaros, Michelle.
"Playing in the MUDs." In Play. April, 1994: 52-55.

Gray, Matthew.
"The Growth of the World Wide Web." (7 April, 1997).

Harlow, Barbara and Mary Harvan.
"Literary Contests and Contexts--LIVE!*" In Virtu(re)al News: The Newsletter of the Computer Writing and Research Labs. 4.1 (1997), (27 May, 1997).

Hawisher, Gail and Cynthia Selfe.
"The Rhetoric of Technology and the Electronic Writing Class." In College Composition and Communication 42 (1991): 55-65.

___, and Charles Moran.
"Electronic Mail and the Writing Instructor." In College English 55 (1993): 627-643.

___, and Paul LeBlanc, eds.
Re-imagining Computers and Composition. Portsmouth, NH: Boyton/Cook/ Heinemann; 1992

Helm, Leslie.
"High Tech Sales Goals Fuel Reach Into Schools" Los Angeles Times. Monday, June 9, 1997; November 15, 1997.

Hirsh-Pasek, K., M.C. Hyson, and L. Rescorla.
Academic Environments in Early Childhood: Challenge or Pressure? Chicago: The Spencer Foundation, 1989.

IBM.
"Reinventing K-12 Education." (November 20, 1997).

Johnson-Eilola, Johndan.
"Reading and Writing in Hypertext: Vertigo and Euphoria." Literacy and Computers. Cynthia Selfe and Susan Hilligoss, eds. New York: Modern Language Association, 1994. 195-220.

Jones, Marshall G. and James R. Okey.
"Interface Design for Computer-based Learning Environments." (February 21, 1995).

Joyce, Michael.
Of Two Minds: Hypertext Pedagogy and Poetics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995.

Kahn, Paul.
"Linking Together Books: Experiments in Adapting Published Material into Intermedia Documents." In Hypermedia and Literary Studies. Paul Delany and George P. Landow, eds. Cambridge: the MIT Press, 1991. 221-256.

Kaplan, Nancy and Stuart Moulthrop.
"They Became What They Beheld: The Futility of Resistance in the Space of Electronic Writing." In Literacy and Computers. Cynthia Selfe and Susan Hilligoss, eds. New York: Modern Language Association, 1994. 220-237.

Kemp, F.
"The User-Friendly Fallacy." In College Composition and Communication 38 (1987): 32-39.

___.
"Getting Smart with Computers: Computer Aided Heuristics for Student Writers." In Writing Center Journal 8.1 (1987): 32-39.

Koblitz, Neal.
"The Case Against Computers in K-13 Math Education (Kindergarten Through Calculus)." In The Mathematical Intelligencer, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1996), pp. 9- 16.

Landow, George P..
Hypertext: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology. Johns Hopkins UP, 1992.

___.
"The Rhetoric of Hypermedia: Some Rules for Authors." In Hypermedia and Literary Studies. Eds. Paul Delany and George P. Landow. London and Cambridge: the MIT Press, 1991. 81-103.

Laurel, Brenda.
Computers as Theatre. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1991.

Lanham, Richard.
The Electronic Word: Democracy, Technology, and the Arts. University of Chicago Press, 1993.

Levonen, J Jarmo and Jean-Francois Rouet.
"Studying and Learning with Hypertext: Empirical Studies and Their Implications." In Hypertext and Cognition. Jean- Francois Rouet, Jarmo J. Levonen, Andrew Dillon, and Rand J. Spiro, eds. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996.

McCabe, Heather.
"When Schools Plug In." In Hotwired, April 14, 1997; (February 14, 1998).

McKnight, C., A. Dillon, and J. Richardson, eds.
Hypertext: A Psychological Perspective. Hornwood Series in Interactive Communication Systems. New York and London: Ellis Hornwood, 1993.

Madden, Ed.
"Women, Gods, and Monsters: Using Hypertexts in the Literature Classroom." CWRL, The Electronic Journal for Computer Writing, Rhetoric and Literature. (4 Aug. 1995).

Meyerowitz, Norman, Andries van Dam and Nicole Yankelovich.
"Reading and Writing the Electronic Book." Hypermedia and Literary Studies. Paul Delany and George P. Landow, eds. London and Cambridge: the MIT Press, 1991. 53-79.

Moulthrop, Stuart.
"Traveling in the Breakdown Lane: A Principle of Resistance for Hypertext." (August 4, 1995).

___.
"The Shadow of an Informand: An Experiment in Hypertext Rhetoric." (August 4, 1995).

___.
"Hypertext '96 Trip Report." (October 7, 1996).

Nahrwold, Cindy.
"'Just' Professing: A Call for the Valuation of Electronic Scholarship." Kairos: A Journal For Teachers of Writing in Webbed Environments 2.1 (1997), (May 27, 1997).

Nelson, Theodor Holm.
"Opening Hypertext: A Memoir." In Literacy Online. Myron C. Tuman, ed. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992. 43-57.

___.
Literary Machines. San Antonio: n.p., 1987.

Nielson, Jakob.
Multimedia and Hypertext: The Internet and Beyond. Sunsoft: Mountain View, 1995.

Nielson Media Research.
"Survey of Internet Demographics." (April 7, 1997).

Ong, Walter J..
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Oostendorp, Herre van.
"Studying and Annotating Electronic Text." In Hypertext and Cognition. Jean-Francois Rouet, Jarmo J. Levonen, Andrew Dillon, and Rand J. Spiro, eds. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Asociates, 1996.

Oppenheimer, Tood.
"The Computer Delusion." In the Atlantic Monthly, July 97, (November 15, 1997).

Owen, Trevor, Ron Owston, and Cheryl Dickie, eds.
The Learning Highway: A Student's Guide to the Internet. Toronto: Key Porter Books, 1995.

Papert, Seymour.
The Children's Machine: Rethinking School in the Age of the Computer. New York: Basic Books, 1993.

___.
"Obsolete Skill Set: The 3Rs." In Wired, May/June 1993; (February 20, 1998)

Penenberg, Adam L..
"The Quest for Wire." In Hotwired April 4, 1997; (February 18, 1998).

Postman, Neil.
Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology. New York: Vintage Books, 1993.

___, and Charles Weingartner.
Teaching as a Subversive Activity. New York: Dell Publishing; 1969.

Quinn, Carolyn Knox.
"Authentic Classroom Experiences: Anonymity, Mystery and Improvisation in Synchronous Writing Environments." CWRL, The Electronic Journal for Computer Writing, Rhetoric and Literature. (4 Aug. 1996).

Quittner, Josh.
"The War Between alt.tasteless and rec.pets.cats." In Wired. May, 1994: 46-52.

Regan, Allison.
"'Type Normal Like the Rest of Us': Writing, Power, and Homophobia in the Networked Composition Classroom." In Computers and Composition 10 (1993): 11-23.

Romano, Susan.
"The Egalitarian Narrative: Whose Story? Which Yardstick?" In Computers and Composition 10 (1993): 25-28.

Selfe, Cynthia L..
"Technology as a Catalyst for Educational Reform in English Classes: Computer-Supported Writers' Conferences." In Constructing Rhetorical Education.Davida Charney and Marie Secor, eds. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992. 150-169.

___.
"Computer-Based Conversations and the Changing Nature of Collaboration." In New Visions of Collaborative Writing. Janis Forman, ed. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1992. 147-169.

___, and Susan Hilligoss, eds.
Literacy and Computers: The Complications of Teaching and Learning with Technology. Modern Language Association Series on Research and Scholarship in Composition. New York: Modern Language Assocation, 1994.

Schmitt, Christopher H. and Larry Slonaker.
"Computers in Schools: Do Students Improve? (Part 1 and 2)" In San Jose Mercury News, January 14-15, 1996, pp. 1A, 8A.

Silva, Marcos and Alain Breuleux.
"The Use of Participatory Design in the Implementation of Internet-based Collaborative Learning Activities in K-12 Classrooms." July, 1994; (February 15, 1998).

Sims, Roderick. "Interactivity: A Forgotten Art?." (February 19, 1998).

Slatin, John.
"La Zambinella Meets the Cyborg: Barthes, S/Z, and Print-Based Literary Studies." CWRL: The Electronic Journal for Computer Writing, Rhetoric and Literature. 3.1. (1997); (July 26, 1997).

___.
"Reading Hypertext: Order and Coherence in a New Medium." In Hypermedia and Literary Studies. Paul Delany and George P. Landow, eds. London and Cambridge: the MIT Press, 1991. 153-181.

___.
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Sloan, Douglas, ed.
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Slouka, Mark.
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Smith, Catherine F..
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Star, Susan Leigh.
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Stephenson, Neal.
"Smiley's People." In New Republic 25; September. 1993.

Syverson, M. A..
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Talbot, Stephen.
"NETFUTURE-- Technology and Human Responsibility." (November 17, 1997).

Tuman, Myron.
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Warshauer, Susan.
"Aesthetic Approaches to the Design and Study of MUDs in English and Performance Studies: Interface, Realism and the Dialectic of Interacting." CWRL, The Electronic Journal for Computer Writing, Rhetoric and Literature. (4 Aug. 1995).

Wiener, Jon.
"Free Speech on the Internet." In The Nation 13 June, 1994: 825-828.

Wright, Robert.
"Voice of America." In New Republic 13 Sept. 1993: 20-21.

Yankelovich, Nicole.
"From Electronic Books to Electronic Libraries: Revisiting 'Reading and Writing the Electronic book.'" in Hypermedia and Literary Studies. Paul Delany and George P. Landow, eds. London and Cambridge: the MIT Press, 1991. 133-152.

Selected Sources provided by
Anderson, Daniel, Bret Benjamin and Bill Paredes-Holt.
Connections: A Guide to Online Writing. New York: Allyn and Bacon, 1997.


In The News

Clinton, William J.
"Turning Around Low-Performing Public Schools."
October 18, 1997.

Clinton, William J. and Al Gore
"Remarks by the President and the Vice President at Starbright Foundation Event."
November 3, 1997.

Gore, Al
"Statement of the Vice President on the Technology Literacy Challenge Fund."
November 13, 1997.

Internet Online Summit: Focus On Children
Site for the December 1-3 (1997) Online Summit to focus on Children and the Internet (February 18, 1998).




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